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Bulldozed

China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has long been plagued by accusations of corruption, fraud, environmental degradation, and labor exploitation — now,...

Indirect Fire

Despite extensive Western sanctions, Defense Industries System (MASAD) and its subsidiaries continue to use a network of subsidiaries to obtain ammunition components...

Etch and Release

A single shipment of a used plasma etching tool underscores a critical vulnerability in global supply chains, demonstrating how Russia’s military-industrial complex...

Hot Lines

Highly concentrated industrial-scale scam centers along the Myanmar border — staffed by victims of forced trafficking — generate trillions of dollars annually,...

Refining Power

Indonesia is on track to become the largest global producer of refined nickel, a mineral critical for everything from lithium-ion electric batteries...

Fault Lines

End-buyers of forced labor gold from XUAR tend to be concentrated in specific markets, including companies in the UK, Germany, and France,...

Putting the Pieces Together

Despite strict export controls and sanctions, Russia continues to obtain Western technology — including computer numerical controlled (CNC) machine tools. We examine...

The Illicit Networks Funding Conflict In Sudan

C4ADS details how recently-sanctioned Sudanese and Russian entities have contributed to funding the conflict in Sudan through a history of systemic corruption,...

Open Secrets

In this update to our 2022 Trade Secrets investigation, we share evidence of increased wartime trade in sensitive defense technologies between state-owned...

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