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Commentary

Bulldozed

China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has long been plagued by accusations of corruption, fraud, environmental degradation, and labor exploitation — now,...
Commentary

Indirect Fire

Despite extensive Western sanctions, Defense Industries System (MASAD) and its subsidiaries continue to use a network of subsidiaries to obtain ammunition components...
Commentary

Etch and Release

A single shipment of a used plasma etching tool underscores a critical vulnerability in global supply chains, demonstrating how Russia’s military-industrial complex...
Commentary

Hot Lines

Highly concentrated industrial-scale scam centers along the Myanmar border — staffed by victims of forced trafficking — generate trillions of dollars annually,...
Commentary

Refining Power

Indonesia is on track to become the largest global producer of refined nickel, a mineral critical for everything from lithium-ion electric batteries...
Commentary

Fault Lines

End-buyers of forced labor gold from XUAR tend to be concentrated in specific markets, including companies in the UK, Germany, and France,...
Commentary

Putting the Pieces Together

Despite strict export controls and sanctions, Russia continues to obtain Western technology — including computer numerical controlled (CNC) machine tools. We examine...
Commentary

The Illicit Networks Funding Conflict In Sudan

C4ADS details how recently-sanctioned Sudanese and Russian entities have contributed to funding the conflict in Sudan through a history of systemic corruption,...
Commentary

Open Secrets

In this update to our 2022 Trade Secrets investigation, we share evidence of increased wartime trade in sensitive defense technologies between state-owned...
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